Saturday, May 23, 2020

Post WWII Art Analysis - 675 Words

Post WWII Art Analysis Authors name Authors institutional affiliation Authors note Post WWII Art Analysis The piece of art that the paper will analyze is Sleeping Girl. Roy Lichtenstein painted Sleeping Girl in 1964, as part of his work in pop art pop culture. Another artist who painted in the style of pop art was Andy Warhol, just to add context with whom Lichtenstein kept artistic company. Sleeping Girl is a seminal work in a series of paintings in comic book style. Comic book culture saw a huge surge after WWII and so did pop art. These artistic forms expressed a desire to escape from the horrors and great changes around the world after the war. Artists such as Lichtenstein tapped into these desires producing mash-ups of popular art forms to express an even more layered message. Sleeping Girl is directly influenced by DC Comics, as it is a rendition of an image found in Girls Romances, #105. It was a very bold statement in the 1960s and in the 21st century, to bring a popular culture form into the realm of high art. This painting, while one in a series with similar aesthetics, Sleepi ng Girl is additionally a painting with a similar theme across Lichtensteins entire body of work the idea of the sleeping female muse. The subject of the painting is a blond Caucasian woman. It is a close up of her face. The frame contains her face and most of her lush hair. The womans face is facing the bottom of the frame and her eyes are angled down as well. HerShow MoreRelatedModern Architecture in Japan and India1532 Words   |  6 Pagesof international views and standards in juxtaposition to defining a modernity in architecture that is reflective of culture. In the case of India the multicultural reflection of a broad social culture and in Japan the reflection of reinventing the post-modern and both nations with particular care to both embrace and reject aspects of colonialism that have shaped their history., The national trends in each nation deserve focus individually as they are two distinct models of development of architectureRead MoreMasuji Ibuse Is The Author Of The Provocative Third Wave1317 Words   |  6 PagesMasuji Ibuse is the author of the provocative third wave a-bomb novel Black Rain. To read Black Rain without taking into consideration the post-nuclear environment that has permeated society since before the authorship of this novel specifically the hot spot of the Vietnam war which was at the peak of its conflict during the writing of Black Rain(1965-1966) is nearly impossible. â€Å"When reading the air you will see one but know ten† This combination of two Japanese proverbs define what ibuse is doingRead MoreNursing in the Classroom1608 Words   |  6 Pagesthe past, present, and future of nursing to the classroom. In a recent group project on nurses in WWII for the course N518, Nursing and Gendering of Health Care in the US and Internationally, 1860-2000, Penn Nursing Adjunct Associate Professor and Center Assistant Director Dr. Jean Whelan facilitated discussion where students were able to investigate the social, economic, and cultural context of WWII and how this informed the history of nursing. This type of group project fits within the larger objectiveRead MoreMaus and the Psychological Effects of the Holocaust1704 Words   |  7 PagesHolocaust The Maus books are award-winning comics written by Art Spiegelman. They are the non-fictional stories of Art and his father, Vladek. In the book, Art Spiegelman is a writer, planning to portray Vladek’s life as a Jewish man during WWII Europe in comic book form. While Art gathers information for his story through visits to his father’s house, much is learned about their relationship and individual personalities. Through this analysis, Maus becomes an example of how the Holocaust has effectedRead MoreBook Review: Korea Old and New: A History by Carter J. Eckert1158 Words   |  5 PagesThis made it easier to later refer to previous chapters and compare different periods in order to learn the comprehensive history of Korea. This book is pieced together in two different efforts, one which is to understand the latter history of the post-1945 era with its political liberalization and rapid industrialization period, while at the same time centering its entire text on the question of Korean nationalism and the struggle against the countless foreign invasions Korea had to face. The purposeRead MoreEssay about The Third Man, Historical Analysis1550 Words   |  7 PagesThe Third Man, Historical Analysis A Review of the Film APA The Third Man, was filmed in post World War II Vienna, releasing in 1949. The film was written by Graham Greene, directed by Carol Reed, and produced by the American David Selznick and the British Michael Korda. The black and white, pessimistic film â€Å"is one of the greatest British thrillers of the post-war era, in the best Alfred Hitchcock tradition, and beautifully produced†¦.It was voted the #1 British Film of the 20thRead MoreThe History Of Singapore Is Rich With Surprising Twists, Bendy Turns And Wondrous Triumphs1679 Words   |  7 Pagesa trading post for all different countries and types of vessels to come to. Some examples of vessels include Chinese junks, Arab dhows, Portuguese battleships, Buginese schooners, and many others; and this is how the trade history began. On the 29th of January 1819, the then Lieutenant-Governor Raffles landed in Singapore and recognized the immense potential that this swamp-covered island had so he helped to negotiate a treaty with the current local rulers. The trading station or post was namedRead MoreThe War After The Japanese Attack On Pearl Harbor1469 Words   |  6 Pagesconnection to Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms speech, artist Norman Rockwell was able to create four paintings that depicted each freedom described in the president’s speech. Appearing on what was once the most widely read American magazines (The Saturday Evening Post), these artistic expressions helped Americans further understand the president s reasons for entering the war. Each painting reminded people of the freedoms they might have taken for granted in America, urging people to join the war efforts. TheyRead MoreSociety s Influence On American Culture1865 Words   |  8 PagesMaddie Fuller HNRS A192 Research Analysis Dr. Stone Since their conception, comic books have exhibited significant influence on American culture, especially through characters and storylines developed during times of war. Although the ideologies have changed and shifted over time, it is no secret that the writers have a message they are attempting to convey, especially through mainstream superheroes. Andrew Bolton’s definition of a superhero is, â€Å"American utopianism as expressed in the DeclarationRead MoreThe New Academic Freedom and Its Effects on Higher Education1067 Words   |  5 Pagesfreedom proliferated in the United States during the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, colleges and universities became more tolerant of the modern schools of thought and increasingly biased toward the â€Å"new† ways of thinking. During the post-WWII years, movements pushing for the equality of minority groups, especially those religious and ethnic, spread throughout the United States. Coupled with the â€Å"Red Scare†, or a fear of radical communism in the United States, these movements sparked trouble

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Fear in Tony Kushners Angels In America Essay - 1101 Words

Fear in Tony Kushners Angels In America Both parts of Tony Kushners play Angels in America paint a painfully truthful picture of what gay men go through. In most cases, they suffer either inner anguish or public torment. Sometimes they must endure both. Being homosexual in America is a double-edged sword. If you publicly announce that you are gay, you suffer ridicule and are mocked by the ignorant of society; but if you keep your homosexuality a secret, you are condemned to personal turmoil. Kushners work attempts to make America take a close look at itself and hopefully change its ways. The fear of public scrutiny forces many gay men into a life of denial and secrecy. Kushner describes a society, not unlike†¦show more content†¦By doing this, he is succesful in showing that gay men are the same as anyone else. The only difference is who they choose to share a sexual life with. Once again modeling reality, several characters are confident in their sexuality but are hesitant to admit to it. Roy Cohn and Joe Pitt represent the stereotypical gay man who refuses to publicly acknowledge his sexuality. They portray how gay men sometimes go to extreme lengths to deny their homosexuality. Both not only lie to others, but they lie to themselves. There is a certain sadness in the fact that some gay men desire the respect of strangers over being honest with themselves. Why do such a large number of gay men live lives in denial? The answer is simple. The answer is fear. Fear is the driving force behind many gay mens secrecy. The fear of how others may view them and the fear of how they will be received is overpowering. Roy Cohn is a powerful, ruthless, well-connected lawyer, and he is also a closet homosexual. The reason for his double life can be traced back to fear. When he is confronted with his homosexuality, he denies it. He begins to rationalize his lifestyle by saying, Roy Cohn is not a homosexual. Roy Cohn is a heterosexual man, Henry, who fucks around with guys (Kushner, Millennium 46). He further attempts to cover up his sexuality, when he is confronted with the fact that he has AIDS. His denial andShow MoreRelatedTony Kushner s Angels Of Americ A Gay Fantasia On National Themes Essay816 Words   |  4 PagesThe Struggles Accompanying Homosexuality in Tony Kushner’s Angels in America Set in the late 1980s, a period of regression and tragedy for the homosexual community, Tony Kushner’s play, Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes, explores the lives of four gay men living in New York. Kushner’s two part drama expounds some of the many difficulties encountered by gays during this time period. While two of his characters, Joe Pitt and Roy Cohn, both struggle significantly with their sexualRead More Angels in America Essay737 Words   |  3 Pages Angels in America nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Everyone has his or her own personal faults in life.nbsp; Some are looked down upon more for their issues than others are.nbsp; Homosexual relationships are considered sacrilegious and unethical, so much that we scrutinize persons having those relations.nbsp; We as a society should not look down upon individuals whose sexual preference is different from our own. nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The 80s were a time ofRead MoreWhite Noise By Don Delillo1832 Words   |  8 PagesLiterature of the eighties reflects a general atmosphere of fear at the time—fear of the unfamiliar, of death and disease. Outside of the books from that era, we can see where in American society this fear came from, how it weaved around what was alien and strangled it. We can retrospectively watch as it manifests itself in the roots of the AIDS epidemic, an outbreak of disease that took tens of thousands of lives because its origins were unknown, and it affected those who were different from theRead MoreTony Kushner s Angels Of America1180 Words   |  5 PagesTony Kushner’s â€Å"Angels in America† and Mwaganu wa Kaggia’s â€Å"Not Ashamed but so Ashamed† both explicitly address the social, religious, and political stigma associated with HIV/AIDS and homosexuality. The use of split scenes in â€Å"Angels in America† allows Kushner to demonstrate the similar ways in which both Joe and Prior respond to alienation despite having distinct personal conflicts. The two characters’ societal and personal dilemmas are most evidently intertwined in Act 2, Scene 9 of the play.Read More A.M.Holmes Music For Torching, Seth MacFarlanes Family Guy, and Tony Kushners Angels in America1948 Words   |  8 PagesA.M.Holmes Music For Torching, Seth MacFarlanes Family Guy, and Tony Kushners Angels in America The social progression of America in the 20th and 21st centuries has been arguably advantageous. In the years following the feminist and civil rights movements, the United States has undeniably developed into the world’s leading democratic system. Women and minorities have equal citizenship status under the law. There are more females in the workforce than ever before, and formerly guarded issuesRead MoreWhat Are The Many Versions Of Love Stories That Shakespeare s Midsummer Night s Dream?1705 Words   |  7 Pageshopes that he’ll awaken and fall for a beast. Lysander and Hermia enter soon after and Puck assumes that Lysander is Demetrius, putting the love juice in his eyes. When Helena wakes Lysander, he instantly falls in love with her, and Helena turns in fear. Because of Puck’s mistake, both Lysander and Demetrius end up falling for Helena, and jealous Hermia tries to challenge Helena to a fight (a comedic aspect as none of these characters are truly capable of being cruel or violent). Puck, who secretlyRead MoreAngels in America Essay1271 Words   |  6 PagesCarter O’Leary Angels In America Essay Rabbi Chemelwitz says in his eulogy (Millennium) that the Great Voyages of the past no longer exist. Does the play bear out the truth of his belief or not? If not, what are the new great voyages? Tony Kushner’s play, Angels In America, explores the trials of the journey of human life through the development of his characters throughout the play. When Rabbi Chemelwitz says â€Å"Great Voyages is this world do not any more exist.† (Millennium 16) he speaks onlyRead More Tony Kushners Angels in America Essay2055 Words   |  9 PagesMost of the characters in Tony Kushners Angels in America struggle with their sexuality. Reflected in this struggle, the homosexual characters are flawed to the degree at which they hide their sexuality. Prior, Belize, Louis, Joe, and Roy all deal with this issue in the course of the play. Prior is the least closeted homosexual while Roy is the most. Prior is chosen to be a prophet, is morally upright, and represents good. Roy, the unlawful lawyer, represents evil. Belize, Louis, and Joe fallRead MoreFrom The Plains And The City1851 Words   |  8 Pagesinconspicuously performs a significant role in the compositions. In Tracy Letts’ August: Osage County, the Weston family must confront their past and present in a claustrophobic house during the scorching heat of summer in the Oklahoman Plains. In Tony Kushner’s Angles in America, the AIDS epidemic is rampant and the effects are seen across all spectrums in the American society, while keeping up with the fast pace and intricacies of New York City. Essentially location influences the plays, which steers them thematicallyRead MoreSummary Of Angels Of America By Ifeanyi Dike Jr. Essay2068 Words   |  9 PagesAn Analysis Paper – Angels in America by Ifeanyi Dike Jr 1. World/Dramatic Universe a. In Tony Kushner’s Angels in America, It’s 1985 Brooklyn, New York – 15 years before the new Millennium. It’s fall – warm and cold at once. The HIV/AIDS epidemic is emerging, yet quickly raging causing mass hysteria, fear and confusion amidst the gay community. Ronald Regan is the president of the United States and is suppressing the AIDS research by quite simply, ignoring it. Each character in this play is either

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Youth Development Support Services Education Essay Free Essays

Introduction This assignment focuses on the Community of Featherstone which lies near the town of Pontefract and is situated within the Wakefield District. As portion of the young person development support services I ‘m presently working on my secondary arrangement at Featherstone Community Centre which offers a young person nine service I besides do outreach work within Featherstone 1 hr per hebdomad. Whilst working in Featherstone I have been garnering difficult and soft information gained an apprehension of the history, population and environment that immature people live in, recognizing the demands of immature people and the community lived in. We will write a custom essay sample on The Youth Development Support Services Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The information gathered will be used to invent a programme of work to run into a peculiar demand of its occupants. The assignment will besides be used to reflect on my arrangement and meeting my acquisition demands in my function in the community of Featherstone. History Featherstone chief history focuses around the industry of coal excavation which can be traced back to the thirteenth century ( wakefield.gov.uk. 2009 ) 9.A Featherstone Main and Ackton Hall collieries that one time provided the town with work and was one time influential on the lives of its occupants, closed following the mineworkers ‘ work stoppage of the 1984/85. ( wakefield.gov.uk. 2009 ) 8.A Population The ( National Statistics 2006 ) 17 province there is a population of â€Å" 14,179 † of which there are â€Å" 6,779 † Males and 7,396, Females. 98.31 % of the cultural population is White British compared to 86.99 % uk ( National Statistics 2004 ) .16, 80.64 % of Peoples province their faith as Christian, 71.74 % England, under 1 % other faiths, over 6 % in uk 9.71 % No faith, 14.59 % in England ( National statistics 2004 ) 18 This means much of the population has a deficiency of diverse civilizations, cultural and spiritual groups. This could ensue in racial favoritism through deficiency of apprehension and instruction. The environment could experience estranging, uninviting, perchance scaring to other cultural or spiritual groups sing. The population of Featherstone harmonizing to ( WMDC, n.d ) 5 is worsening with a autumn in the immature people population whilst a lifting in the figure of pensionaries. This could be down to new households non settling in the countr y and down to the big population that worked in the mines in the up to the 80s ; this shows an addition in the demand for proviso for seniors. Politics Featherstone ward is portion of the Hemsworth constituency of which labour military policeman John Trickett is the elective representative. ( Jon Trickett MP 2009 ) 7. The Featherstone ward harmonizing to Guy, P ( personal communicating 30th December 2009 ) suggests has been controlled overall by the independent party for 6 old ages, this was antecedently shared by the labor party to which antecedently had controlled the ward for decennaries. At present the elective members are party council member Roy Bickerton Mayor, Councillor Kay Binnersley and Councillor Pauline Guy. Politicss and community engagement and how it affects them, were discussed with some of the immature people during degage work. ( See brooding entering ) 1 Housing Wakefield gov ( n.d ) 5 provinces Home ownership in Featherstone is lower than the territory and U.K ; In fact ( National statistics 2004 ) 6 reveals 25.44 % ain their place outright, 36.07 % with a loan or mortgage compared to 29.19 % and 38.88 % in England. This is in comparing with 30.44 % that are socially rented compared with 13.21 % in England. Whilst place ownership and mortgages non excessively dissimilar to national figures, when you consider house monetary values in Featherstone are good below national norms. ?72,930 compared with ?141,108 England. ( Neighbourhood Statistics 2003 ) 4. This is a huge difference and means that occupants of Featherstone ain belongings that is of low value, country lived in i.e. revenue enhancement set and type of house. And with a big demand for societal lodging demand could be due to low paid work, unemployment, sick wellness or ageing population. The ( National Statistics 2004 ) 3 suggest Out of lodging stock of 5,913 homes, there are more t erraced houses, 37.50 % compared to 24.48 % England, Than any other type of brooding in the country, and in comparing to that of detached lodging which is 17.72 % compared with 22.51 % England. The ( national statistics 2004 ) 1 besides reveal that Out of a entire population of, 14,054, 5,272 live in these 37.50 % terraced houses. In comparing to 2,771 who live in degage houses. This means that the bulk of immature people turning up in Featherstone are more likely to populate in terraced lodging which is smaller than detached places ensuing in life conditions that are less broad. When I walked around the community, in countries of societal lodging it was noticed how rundown the environment they lived in had become, this more so in Verner estate which the positions of occupants can be heard. See brooding entering 2. Education Harmonizing to ( Wakefield gov nd ) 10. The 2001 nose count Suggest People in Featherstone have trouble in their Educational attainment of which half of dwellers have no makings. The recent ( Ofsted, 2009 ) 12 inspection study of Featherstone high school showed each degree achieved overall mark of 2, ( good ) . But within these subdivisions it highlighted certain elements merely achieved a mark of 3 ( satisfactory ) these were- The Standards reached by scholars ; are below the national norm. Attendance of scholars, A little per centum of pupils, largely boys have hapless attitudes to acquisition and are non accomplishing has good has other pupils. How good learners develop workplace and other accomplishments that will lend to their future economic wellbeing. The study recognised some personal and societal development within school was good How good does the school contribute to community coherence? But â€Å" pupils ‘ consciousness and apprehension of cultural diverseness in Britain are limited † . The ( DFES, nd cited in national statistics 2006 ) 13 province that Attainment consequences in Featherstone high school 15 Year Olds Achieving 5+ A* – C GCSE are lower than national degrees in about all topics and there is a large spread in boys 30.8 % compared to girls 41.0 % . This could impact on the future employment chances of some immature people impacting on the type of work they can make from accomplishments and classs obtained, limit entry into farther instruction ( particularly university ) . Young People may happen it difficult to travel to other countries and compete for work so will be stuck in Featherstone and its low economic environment. With boys achieving less in school, could go forth a gender spread in skilled employment and consequence in low paid work. Employment/Unemployment Harmonizing to the ( National Statistics 2004 ) 20 there were 10,120 eligible workers in Featherstone of which 6,071 are economically active, 4,049 inactive, of which 10.52 % are for good ill / disabled compared to 5.30 % England. This Numberss twice every bit much as the national norm and could be down to lifestyle, want, industrial excavation related wellness issues. In fact harmonizing to National Statistics ( 2004 ) .11 suggests Out of a population of 14,175 there are 2,062 with non good wellness and â€Å" 22.16 % Peoples of working age with a restricting long-run unwellness. † 7.05 % of families are non in work with dependent kids compared to 4.83 % uk. All the above figures highlight the demand for societal lodging, want of the country and the impact on some immature people belonging to those households. ( National statistics 2004 ) 15. when looking at the working population 16/ 74 Young Peoples AGED 16 – 24, 28.02 % are unemployed to which is non excessively dis similar to 25.69 % England compared to over 50s who are 12.36 % Featherstone 18.63 % England. These statistics look as though immature people are on mean twice more likely to be unemployed as an grownup. And how for some immature people, particularly with low educational attainment will happen it difficult to do a passage from place life to independence school to work. In an interview with some immature people they stated Reflective entering 3. The types of Employment for People aged 16-74 in Featherstone ( National Statistics 2004 ) 14 is highest in: Wholesale A ; Retail trade ; Repair of motor vehicles 21.16 % and fabrication 19.59, these are higher than in England. But in occupations like finance and concern employment in these subdivisions are lower than in the remainder of England. This could be down to educational attainment of local population, societal and economic clime and demand. When seeking to derive entree to occupations out of the country, or have entree to other communities I looked at timetables of coach and rail services to and from Featherstone and Local Transport was hapless, in footings of direct journeys to finishs out of the country. ( National Statistics 2007 ) 19 suggest 34.06 % of families do n’t have a auto, 26.84 % in England which farther makes it hard and bounds motion, societal contact and occupation chances for occupants. Facilities The Chesney Community Centre Mcloughlin.M ( personal communication,3 December 2009 ) 22 suggested that Chesneys offers big instruction with classs changing from I.T, Maths, and English to photography beauty, leting grownups to derive accomplishments, accreditation and to socialize with others ) . This could assist better the lives of households and opportunities of employment and its societal and economic wagess. When sing that 47.59 % of 16-74 year olds have no makings ( national statistics 2004 ) 21 Mcloughlin.M besides suggests the Centre offers immature people a young person nine on a Monday and Wednesday dark. And his cardinal to a detached young person programme on a Friday dark. Featherstone Sports Centre at Featherstone Technology College opens to the community at certain times and has a Sports Hall, an Aspire Suite, a floodlighted out-of-door Games Area and a Swimming Pool. ( Wakefield gov 2009 ) OAKHILL CHILDREN ‘S CENTRE beginning Offers assorted parenting classs, wellness and household support and advice. This installation could intend that immature carers ‘ , parents and kids get a good start in life. I walked around the community with a co-worker and made a recording of its comfortss and environment and a feel for the community lived in. I found that the local population had good comfortss for wellness and day-to-day life but there was a divide in environmental factors, lodging conditions and a societal integrating of some immature people ‘s based on country lived. See brooding entering 3 3. Needs in the Community Brooding entering 1, When talking with immature people around community issues they said they ‘d â€Å" felt demand † and wanted to make something about determinations that affect them and their friends in their community. Harmonizing to ( Bradshaw. J 1972 ) taxonomy of demand this is felt demand turned into an â€Å" expressed † demand, to desire to take part in determination devising and to be listened to about the determinations that affect them and their community. Brooding entering 2. Exploitation ( Bradshaw. J 1972 ) taxonomy of demand, When walking around Verner I â€Å" felt demand † to inquire occupants about the environment they lived and to show their positions on their demands. This was so turned into an â€Å" expressed demand † , occupants demanding better living conditions. This can besides be seen as a â€Å" normative demand † a opinion based on my values and cognition that immature people and their households should populate in better conditions. Besides â€Å" comparative demand † in relation to environmental services and community patroling received in comparing to life in other countries. How to cite The Youth Development Support Services Education Essay, Essay examples

Friday, May 1, 2020

To Infinity and Beyond free essay sample

We all have vivid memories of those late summer evenings when the moon is so large we just want to reach out and touch it. James â€Å"Jim† Lovell also had this experience, but with one big difference: he got close enough to actually do it. In all of history, in all the millions and millions of people who have walked the Earth, only 12 were lucky enough and skilled enough to have had this experience. They didn’t just see it through some big, fancy telescope, but they saw it through the window of a NASA spaceship orbiting only feet away. Lovell happens to be one of those people. Not only did he visit the moon once, but he visited twice. Jim Lovell, rightfully so, was recognized by Time Magazine as one of their â€Å"Men of the Year† in 1969 along with fellow astronauts, Frank Borman and William Anders. Time was right in doing this because Lovell needs to be remembered for a number of reasons. For example, all the work he did aiding the creation of NASA’s space program , the pride he gave America during the Cold War, his success in multiple, skilled fields of work. But most importantly, the intact image of space exploration is almost entirely thanks to him [Gale Biography 5]. Yet even in addition to all of those things, Jim Lovell provided us with a perspective that very few have. We have all yearned to go to the moon. Lovell did that. The perspective he gave us was how important our very own planet was. â€Å"The vast loneliness up here at the moon is awe inspiring, and it makes you realize what you have back there on Earth. The Earth from here is a grand oasis in the big vastness of space† [American Experience: Race to The Moon 7], remarked Lovell on his second and final mission to the moon. Jim Lovell had a very normal, one could call it, childhood. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio on March 25, 1928 to parents Blanche and James Lovell. Although, his parents moved him to Milwaukee, Wisconsin when he was still a young child. There he spent his time building toy rockets which subsequently became one of his favorite hobbies throughout high school. In high school he even figured out how to launch his rockets to noteable heights. In NASA’s biography of Lovell, they titled one of the sections Lovell: Stargazer in Space and stated that Lovell had been interested in space for as long as he could remember. Lovell attended a number of universities prior to his career including: University of Wisconsin, the US Naval Academy, where he received his Bachelors of Science in 1952, Test Pilot School, the University of Southern California, NATC, Aviation Safety School, Harvard Business School, Illinois Wesleyan University, Western Michigan University, Mary Hardin-Bayor University, and also the Milwaukee School of Business. When Lovell first finished with his schooling, he served two years in the Korean war [Ellis-Christensen 8]. After he returned from his tour, in September of 1962, Lovell was selected by NASA to be an astronaut [Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center 4]. This was mainly because of his extensive flying history. Before his space career, he was climbing up the ranks in the Navy as a test pilot. When he finally got chosen by NASA he finished his service in the Navy with over 7000 hours of logged flying time. The astronauts of Apollo 8, Lovell, Borman, and Anders, were the first three humans to ever see the other side of the moon, and from a mere 69 miles away [PBS 7]. Lovell was also known for his sense of humor. On the first live TV broadcast ever seen from space, Lovell could have been seen stirring his chocolate pudding and wishing his 73 year old mother a happy birthday. His first words to describe the moon when he first saw it were, â€Å"It looks like a big grey beach! † Also, he named one of the triangular mountains on the moon after his wife and the name stuck. To this day, people still refer to that mountain as Mt. Marilyn [PBS 7]. One of the biggest contributions Lovell left us with was all the work he did to help the space shuttle program get up and running. NASAs space shuttle program began with its first launch on April 12, 1981 and ended with its last landing on July 21, 2011. The space shuttle program’s goal was to construct and maintain the International Space Station. It launched 5 shuttles into space. The Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavour [Jeanne Ryba 12]. In the beginning of the space shuttle program Lovell was appointed to a very important position: Deputy Director of the Johnson Space Center in Houston, TX, which was the home of the space shuttle program for more than 20 years [Gale Biography 5]. During these 20 years the space center and Jim Lovell oversaw more than 100 launches of these 5 spacecrafts [Amiko Kauderer 14]. By the end of the program, the International Space Station was a built and successful. The final chapter in Lovell’s space missions concluded with Apollo 13. The goal of Apollo 13 was for NASA to send a second group of astronauts to the moon. Originally the crew for Apollo 14 was assigned to 13 but due to lack of preparation, the two crews were forced to switch positions. The crew that ended up going on the perilous Apollo 13 mission ended up being JIm Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise [Lovell 1]. While in transit to the moon, there was an unexpected explosion in one of the oxygen tanks on the ship. This explosion did such significant damage to the ship that Apollo 13, in a split second, went from a mission to the moon, to a life or death crisis for these three astronauts. As Lovell stated, â€Å"The pilots were at the center of any problem, next in line were the individual console controllers in Houston, ultimately responsible for getting problems solved was the flight director† who happened to be himself on that fateful mission PBS 7]. In a panic, all of NASA and the crew out in space worked tirelessly to get the ship home safely. After hours of problem solving and calculating and speculating, Jim Lovell had found a solution that would save them. â€Å"It was a triumph of human motivation, teamwork and initiative over technology,† Lovell said to Janet I-Chin Tu for a Seattle Times article. After the astronauts returned home, they were regarded as national heroes. The story of Apollo 13 got turned into a hit movie in 1995 by director Ron Howard [Apollo 13 2]. In the end, there was something else saved by this mission besides the lives of three amazing astronauts; it was the image of space travel in itself. If Apollo 13 had gone the other way, and those men had gotten stranded out in space to drift along forever, the image of space travel would have been permanently damaged. It’s safe to say, that if that Apollo mission had failed, there wouldn’t be any other NASA missions and there would not be any space shuttle program, meaning no international space station. NASA and America has Jim Lovell to thank for all of that, and saving Apollo 13. Although some may say, â€Å"Why is space so important, why did we invest so much money in sending a couple of men to the moon? This is a valid point. After all, all we brought back from the most famous NASA mission, Apollo 8, was a couple of moon rocks. And where are those rocks now? They are sitting in a museum somewhere for people to simply look at. Not only that, but there were plenty of problems on our own orbiting rock that were yet to have been solved. Each and every one of which could have used the money dedicated to space trave l and the Space Race in a much different way. Why do we remember Jim Lovell as such an influential and important person? The answer however, is obviously what he did, but more importantly, when he did it. The 1960’s was arguably the most pivotal decade in American history. In that decade alone, more things were changing and growing and evolving than almost any other time not only for just the US, but for the rest of the world as well. For example, the very heated and competitive Space Race was going on between US’s NASA and the Soviet Union’s space program. Many would call the Space Race an extension of the Cold War between communism and capitalism [wiseGEEK 10]. This was a time of great tension between Russia and the US. It wasn’t until Apollo 11 sent Neil Armstrong to take the first steps on the moon in 1969 that the Space Race really started to quiet down [NASA 11]. That victory gave Americans an enormous amount of pride and nationalism right when they needed it the most. That right there may be one of the most important contributions Lovell and his crew gave to us. They gave america pride and a feeling of nationalism when our country needed it the most. Lovell even spoke with a couple of Russian cosmonauts who admitted to him that â€Å"Apollo 8 was a major blow to their psyche† [American Experience: Race to The Moon 7]. Jim, along with his other crewmates, were idols after that mission. The whole thing was broadcast on national television for people all over the country to watch Neil take those first steps on to uncharted territory and utter some of the most famous words ever said, â€Å"That’s one small step for man, and one giant leap for mankind. † Jim, along with his other crewmates, were idols after that mission. â€Å"That Apollo 8 flight, I think, was the most important flight of this program. It was the first time men had left the confines of Earth; the first time that they were captured by another body nd this was the first real exploration into space. † Jim Lovell Aside from being a major part in one of the most memorable and important moments in human history, Lovell should also be remembered for how diverse his success was. One of his biggest accomplishments was becoming Deputy Director of the Johnson Space Center in Houston, TX [Gale Biography 5]. In addition, not only did he make it just about as far as one can in the space industry, he also became CEO and owned a number of major corporations and businesses after his career with NASA was over. Following that, he served for many years as a special consultant to the president’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports [Spaceflight Now Inc. 9]. He became CEO of Bay-Houston Towing Co. , CEO of Fisk Telephone Systems and also executive vice president of Centel Co. He also opened a restaurant in Lake Forest in 1999 called â€Å"Lovell’s of Lake Forest†. So, out of the millions and millions of people who have walked this Earth, James â€Å"Jim† Lovell Jr. got to be one of 12 who had the opportunity to be sent up to the moon in nothing but a big box of metal with some rockets attached to it. Not only did he go once, but he went twice. On the second time, the mission almost failed and we have him to thank for the fact that it didn’t. Finishing his NASA career with the record for amount of time in space, 715 hours and 5 minutes, Lovell also received a number of awards [LBJ Space Center 4]. These awards included the Distinguished Flying Cross Award, the Legion d’honneur, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and also the Congressional Space Medal of Honor [Tricia Ellis-Christensen 8]. In addition to that, he was also the only man to have visited the moon twice. After his first mission in space, Gemini 7, he told the story of his reaction to witnessing the first â€Å"Earthrise. † â€Å"We came around the moon for the very first time and Frank [Borman] and I were looking ahead as the horizon passed us and all of a sudden we saw the Earth come out of a lunar-horizon; and that was a really significant sight for me because i could put my thumb up to the window of the spacecraft and completely cover the Earth. I realized that everything I had ever known, my home, my loved ones, everything that was there that i had known was behind my thumb. I realized at that time just how insignificant we are in the universe. † [PBS 7] Not only was Lovell an extremely distinguished astronaut, but he was the head of many corporations and businesses and even a restaurant after his space career ended. Lovell provided us with the vital medicine our country needed during the Cold War: hope, unity, and pride. He also introduced a perspective that no one else could have: what it feels like to be Earthsick, to really appreciate the â€Å"grand oasis† we have the privilege to inhabit. Time magazine is absolutely justified in their article claiming Lovell and his crewmates as the most important men of 1969. Works Cited Apollo 13. Dir. Ron Howard. Perf. Tom Hanks. Imagine Studios, 1995. DVD. Anissimov, Michael. â€Å"What Was the Space Race? † WiseGEEK. N. p. , 2003. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Ellis-Christensen, Tricia, and O. Wallace. â€Å"Who is Jim Lovell? † WiseGEEK. Conjecture, 12 Mar. 2012. Web. 22 Mar. 2013. I-Chin Tu, Janet. â€Å"Search†. Advanced. Seattle Times, 8 Nov. 1996. Web. 22 Apr. 2013 Interview with Joe Schaul. Interview by Joe Schaul. n. d. : n. pag. Print. â€Å"James Lovell. † Gale Biography in Context. Detroit: Gale, 1999. Biography in Context. Web 12 Mar. 2013. Kauderer, Amiko. â€Å"NASA- National Aeronautics and Space Administration. † NASA. N. p. , 17 May. 2008. Web. 22 Apr. 2013. 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